2026 Update in Maternal Immunization

XProtect Your Baby Before Birth

Vaccination during pregnancy is one of the most powerful ways to safeguard your newborn. The antibodies you produce cross the placenta and protect your baby during their most vulnerable first 6 months of life.

72%
Reduction in severe flu in mothers
90%
Pertussis vaccine effectiveness
81.8%
RSV protection in infants ≤3 months
64.5%
Reduction in severe flu in infants
The Science

How Maternal Vaccination Protects Your Baby

When you receive a vaccine during pregnancy, your body produces antibodies that cross the placenta through the Fc receptor, providing your newborn with passive immunity during their first 6 months when they are most vulnerable to infection.

Step 1

Vaccination

You receive the vaccine during the recommended gestational period. Your immune system begins producing protective antibodies within 2-4 weeks.

Step 2

Antibody Transfer

The antibodies cross the placenta via Fc receptors. It takes approximately 7-8 weeks from vaccination for antibodies to fully transfer to your baby.

Step 3

Baby Protected

Your baby is born with protective antibodies that last for the first 6 months of life — the period when infants are most vulnerable to severe infections.

Timing is Critical

Gestational age at vaccination is very important. It takes 2-4 weeks for antibody production and 7-8 weeks for full transfer to the fetus. Postnatal antibody transfer through breast milk is much less effective.

The Four Vaccines

Recommended Vaccines for Pregnant Women in Thailand

The Infectious Diseases Society of Thailand recommends four vaccines during pregnancy. All protect against respiratory infections that are easily transmitted and difficult to prevent.

🤧

Influenza

Flu Vaccine

From 12 weeks gestation

Pregnant women infected with influenza experience more severe symptoms than non-pregnant women, with increased risks of hospitalization, ICU admission, death, stillbirth, and birth defects.

Risks Without Vaccination


Vaccine Effectiveness

Vaccination reduces severe infection in pregnant women by 72% and in infants during their first 6 months by 64.5%.

No increase in premature birth was observed. Disease severity depends more on the virus strain than gestational age. However, infection during early pregnancy with high body temperature increases risks of infant birth defects including cleft palate, cardiac defects, and open neural tube defects.

Specific treatment: Oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir
Vaccination Schedule

Thailand Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women

The Infectious Diseases Society of Thailand provides clear guidelines on when to receive each vaccine during pregnancy.

Week 12+

Influenza & COVID-19

Both vaccines can be administered from 12 weeks of gestation onwards. For better infant protection, consider vaccination after 20 weeks.

More details

Multiple doses can be given during pregnancy, spaced at least 6 months apart. For high-risk groups, annual influenza vaccination is recommended.

Week 20-32

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Recommended between 20-32 weeks of gestation for every pregnancy or at least 2-year intervals between doses.

More details

Three cases: (1) Never vaccinated against tetanus — receive Td dose 0,1, then Tdap at 20-32 weeks; (2) Tetanus vaccine >10 years ago — receive Tdap at 20-32 weeks; (3) Tetanus vaccine within 10 years — receive single pertussis vaccine at 20-32 weeks.

Week 24-36

RSV

Recommended at 24-36 weeks gestation throughout the year. Optimal timing is 28-32 weeks.

More details

At least 5 weeks between vaccination and delivery is needed. If delivery occurs within 2 weeks of vaccination, the infant can receive monoclonal antibody instead. RSV vaccine and monoclonal antibody have similar efficacy (~70-75%).

Free Vaccines in Thailand

The following vaccines are included in Thailand's Essential Medicines List and provided free to pregnant women:

    Self-Funded Vaccines

    COVID-19 and RSV vaccines are not currently covered and must be self-funded, which remains a challenge for equitable access.

    Disease Comparison

    Understanding the Diseases

    Each of these infections has different characteristics. Understanding them helps you appreciate why vaccination is important.

    Characteristic Influenza COVID-19 Pertussis RSV
    Common Questions

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Current Challenges

    Challenges for Vaccinating Pregnant Women

    Safety & Efficacy

    Each vaccine must be approved by the FDA and the national vaccination guideline committee. Rigorous safety and efficacy data are required before any vaccine is recommended for pregnant women.

    Information Access

    Disseminating accurate vaccine information to pregnant women and their families is essential for vaccine acceptance. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in educating and reassuring expectant mothers.

    Vaccine Cost

    While some vaccines are free in Thailand (tetanus-diphtheria, pertussis, influenza), COVID-19 and RSV vaccines require self-funding, which remains a significant barrier to equitable access.

    Take Action

    Protect Two Lives With One Vaccine

    Vaccines for pregnant women are important and necessary, they reduce the severity of infections in both pregnant women and newborns up to 6 months of age. All four recommended vaccines target respiratory infections that are easily transmitted and difficult to prevent. Vaccination during pregnancy can be seamlessly integrated into your regular antenatal care program.

    Your Vaccination Checklist

      Talk to Your Doctor Today

      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.